NEET Neural Control and Coordination Previous Year Questions with Solutions

The human central nervous system consists of the brain enclosed inside the cranium and the spinal cord inside the vertebral column. Inside the bony skull, the brain is covered and cushioned by three cranial meninges: 1. Dura mater: Tough, fibrous outermost layer. 2. Arachnoid: Thin, web-like intermediate layer. 3. Pia mater: Delicate, vascular innermost layer in intimate contact with brain tissue.

• • Subarachnoid space between arachnoid and pia mater contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

The pericardium is the double-walled fluid-filled sac that surrounds and protects the heart in the thoracic cavity. It consists of an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous pericardium, reducing friction during cardiac contraction.

• • Pericardium has zero association with the central nervous system.

Pericardium is not a part of the human central neural system.

• • Matches Option (4).

Pons consists of fibre tracts that interconnect different regions of the brain (A -> III). The hypothalamus contains a number of centres which control body temperature, urge for eating and drinking. It also contains several groups of neurosecretory cells, which secrete hormones called hypothalamic hormones (B -> IV).

The medulla of the brain contains centres which control respiration, cardiovascular reflexes and gastric secretions (C -> II). Cerebellum has very convoluted surface in order to provide the additional space for many more neurons, regulating motor coordination, posture, and balance (D -> I).

The unique valid combination is A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I, matching Option (4).

A deep cleft divides the cerebrum longitudinally into two halves, which are termed as the left and right cerebral hemispheres. The hemispheres are connected by a tract of nerve fibres called corpus callosum. Thus, Statement I is correct.

NCERT states explicitly: "Three major regions make up the brain stem; mid brain, pons and medulla oblongata. Brain stem forms the connections between the brain and spinal cord." Statement II falsely includes the cerebrum (forebrain) while omitting the midbrain. Thus, Statement II is incorrect.

Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect, matching Option (1).

Analyzing the structural layers and optical features of the eyeball:

NCERT states under Parts of an Eye: - "The external layer is composed of a dense connective tissue and is called the sclera." - "The iris is the visible coloured portion of the eye." - "Photoreceptor cells are not present in that region and hence it is called the blind spot." - "The fovea is a thinned-out portion of the retina where only the cones are densely packed. It is the point where the visual acuity (resolution) is the greatest."

Matching A-III immediately isolates Option (2) uniquely, confirming the answer within seconds.

The limbic system (limbic lobe) is a complex ring of interconnected forebrain structures located on the inner margin of the cerebral cortex, comprising the amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus:

The hypothalamus coordinates endocrine and autonomic outputs, while the limbic system processes affective emotional valence. Operating together, they form the central circuit regulating primal emotions and drives:

NCERT states under Forebrain: "The inner parts of cerebral hemispheres and a group of associated deep structures like amygdala, hippocampus, etc., form a complex structure called the limbic lobe or limbic system. Along with the hypothalamus, it is involved in the regulation of sexual behaviour, expression of emotional reactions (e.g., excitement, pleasure, rage and fear), and motivation."

The Organ of Corti is a structure located on the basilar membrane of the cochlea which contains hair cells that act as auditory receptors. Thus, (a) matches (iv).

The inner ear consists of fluid-filled labyrinth; the coiled, snail shell-like portion of the labyrinth is called the cochlea. Thus, (b) matches (ii).

The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear cavity with the pharynx and helps in equalizing the pressures on either side of the ear drum. Thus, (c) matches (i).

The middle ear contains three ossicles (Malleus, Incus, Stapes). The stapes is attached to the oval window (fenestra ovalis) of the cochlea. Thus, (d) matches (iii).