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Which one of the following symbols represents mating between relatives in human pedigree analysis?
A single horizontal line connecting a square (male) and circle (female) denotes standard mating. A DOUBLE horizontal line denotes mating between relatives (consanguineous mating)! Match Option (3)!
Pedigree charts use standardized geometric symbols to represent familial relationships and phenotypic statuses:
Under "Symbols used in the Human Pedigree Analysis", NCERT explicitly diagrams a square joined to a circle by two parallel horizontal bars labeled: "Mating between relatives (consanguineous mating)".
Option (1) depicts shaded symbols (affected individuals). Option (2) depicts a single line (non-consanguineous mating). Option (4) depicts parents with an affected male offspring.
Diagnose every choice: Know exactly why the right option works and why distractors fail.
Solid shading indicates individuals affected by the genetic disorder.
A single horizontal bar represents standard (non-consanguineous) mating between unrelated individuals.
Verbatim NCERT convention: two parallel connecting lines indicate consanguineous mating between relatives.
Represents a nuclear family lineage showing inheritance to male offspring.
Students frequently mistake the single line (Option 2) for mating in general without noticing the critical specification "between relatives" (which requires the double line in Option 3).
"In human pedigree analysis, a double line connecting a male and female indicates mating between relatives (consanguineous mating)."
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