Q.94 Botany ⭐ 360° Option Elimination Active

NEET 2026 Botany Question 94 Solution

Topic: Cell: The Unit of Life · Official NTA Booklet Code 50

Question

Which of the following' are characteristics of prokaryotic cells? (a) Ribosomes are made of 50S and 30S subunits (b) They can have plasmids (c) They contain mesosome (d) They have peroxisomes Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(1)(b) and (c) only
(2)(a) and (c) only
(3)(a), (c) and (d) only
(4)(a), (b) and (c) only

✓

Verified Against NTA Final Answer Key

Option (4) : (a), (b) and (c) only

📚 Cell: The Unit of Life Medium

📋 Given Parameters & Problem Setup

Feature (a) Ribosomes are made of 50S and 30S subunits

Feature (b) They can have plasmids

Feature (c) They contain mesosome

Feature (d) They have peroxisomes

⚡

The 30-Second Exam Hall Shortcut: ⚡ No Membrane-Bound Organelles in Prokaryotes!

⏱️ Save ~50 seconds

Peroxisome is a membrane-bound eukaryotic organelle -> Statement (d) is FALSE!

1 Check (d): Prokaryotes NEVER have membrane-bound organelles (no mitochondria, no ER, no peroxisomes). Statement (d) is FALSE!

2 Eliminate every option containing (d): Option (3) is out!

3 Check (a): Prokaryotic 70S ribosomes consist of 50S and 30S subunits -> TRUE.

4 Check (b): Bacteria frequently harbor small circular extrachromosomal plasmid DNA -> TRUE.

5 Check (c): Mesosomes are infoldings of plasma membrane in bacteria -> TRUE.

6 Statements (a), (b), and (c) are all true -> Option (4) wins in 15 seconds!

🛡️

Why You Can 100% Trust This Shortcut: Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound microbodies; peroxisomes, lysosomes, and mitochondria are exclusively eukaryotic.

📐

Step-by-Step Rigorous Workflow & Mathematical Proof

Step 1

Evaluate Statement (a): Prokaryotic Ribosomes

Prokaryotic ribosomes are of the 70S type. They are composed of two distinct subunits: a large 50S subunit and a small 30S subunit, which together sediment at 70S.

70\text{S Ribosome} = 50\text{S (large subunit)} + 30\text{S (small subunit)}

• Statement (a) is correct.

Step 2

Evaluate Statement (b): Plasmids

In addition to the genomic DNA (single circular chromosome in nucleoid), many bacteria possess small circular self-replicating extrachromosomal double-stranded DNA molecules called plasmids. Plasmids confer unique phenotypic characters like antibiotic resistance.

\text{Plasmid} \equiv \text{Extrachromosomal circular dsDNA}

• Statement (b) is correct.

Step 3

Evaluate Statement (c): Mesosomes

A characteristic feature of prokaryotes is the mesosome, formed by the extension and infolding of the plasma membrane into the cell (in the form of vesicles, tubules, and lamellae). Mesosomes function in cell wall formation, DNA replication, and cellular respiration.

\text{Mesosome} \equiv \text{Plasma membrane invagination in prokaryotes}

• Statement (c) is correct.

Step 4

Evaluate Statement (d): Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are single-membrane-bound microbodies containing catalase and urate oxidase, involved in lipid metabolism and photorespiration. Prokaryotes lack all membrane-bound cell organelles, including peroxisomes.

\text{Peroxisomes} \equiv \text{Membrane-bound eukaryotic microbody (Absent in Prokaryotes)}

• Statement (d) is incorrect.
• Therefore, (a), (b), and (c) only are characteristics of prokaryotic cells.

⭐

360° Option Elimination Engine Key Feature

Diagnose every choice: Know exactly why the right option works and why distractors fail.

4-Option Deep Scan

1 A

✗ Incorrect

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Incomplete. Omits statement (a), which is completely true for prokaryotes (50S + 30S = 70S).

⚠️

Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Doubting whether ribosomes are composed of 50S and 30S subunits.

2 B

✗ Incorrect

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Incomplete. Omits statement (b) regarding the presence of plasmids.

⚠️

Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Forgetting that bacteria frequently contain plasmids.

3 C

✗ Incorrect

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Incorrect. Falsely includes peroxisomes, which are membrane-bound organelles absent in prokaryotes.

⚠️

Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Believing prokaryotes possess microbodies like peroxisomes.

4 D

✓ 100% Correct

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Exact match: Prokaryotes have 70S ribosomes (50S+30S), plasmids, and mesosomes, but lack peroxisomes.

💡

Why this is airtight: None; precise cytology knowledge.

⚠️

NTA Trap Alert: Including Membrane-Bound Microbodies in Bacteria

Students frequently forget that microbodies (peroxisomes, glyoxysomes) are membrane-bound eukaryotic organelles. Bacteria have NO membrane-bound organelles whatsoever!

🛡️ How to avoid the -1 mark: The Golden Rule of Prokaryotes: Zero membrane-bound organelles (No nucleus, No mitochondria, No peroxisomes).

📖

Core NEET Syllabus Standard

NEET Biology Core Syllabus · Cell: The Unit of Life Standard Benchmark

Core Scientific Principle Tested:

"Prokaryotic cells have 70S ribosomes (50S + 30S), plasmids, and mesosomes, but lack membrane-bound organelles like peroxisomes."

Syllabus Focus: Prokaryotic cell envelope, mesosomes, ribosomes, and inclusion bodies

✓ Core NEET UG Syllabus Anchor Syllabus & Academic Standards ↗

Prokaryotes: 50S+30S, Plasmids, Mesosomes in place; but Peroxisomes have no prokaryotic space!

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NEET 2026 Botany Question 94 Solution

Question

The 30-Second Exam Hall Shortcut: ⚡ No Membrane-Bound Organelles in Prokaryotes!

Step-by-Step Rigorous Workflow & Mathematical Proof

Evaluate Statement (a): Prokaryotic Ribosomes

Evaluate Statement (b): Plasmids

Evaluate Statement (c): Mesosomes

Evaluate Statement (d): Peroxisomes

360° Option Elimination Engine Key Feature

NTA Trap Alert: Including Membrane-Bound Microbodies in Bacteria

Core NEET Syllabus Standard

Ready to attempt under real exam pressure?

🔗 Related Questions — Cell: The Unit of Life

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Prokaryotic (70S) and Eukaryotic (80S) Ribosomes and Their Subunits

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Functions and Structure of Bacterial Mesosomes

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