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NEET 2023 Botany Question 133 Solution

Topic: Molecular Basis of Inheritance · Official NTA Booklet Code G5

Question

Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) refers to

(1)Certain important expressed genes.
(2)All genes that are expressed as RNA.
(3)All genes that are expressed as proteins.
(4)All genes whether expressed or unexpressed.

✓

Verified Against NTA Final Answer Key

Option (2) : All genes that are expressed as RNA.

📚 Molecular Basis of Inheritance Easy

📋 Given Parameters & Problem Setup

Term Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)

Context Human Genome Project (HGP) methodologies

⚡

The 30-Second Exam Hall Shortcut: ⚡ HGP Strategy Anchor: Expressed = RNA

⏱️ Save ~20 seconds

The Human Genome Project employed two major methodologies: (1) Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) focusing on all genes expressed as RNA, and (2) Sequence Annotation sequencing the entire genome blindly including coding and non-coding regions!

1 Recall HGP sequencing strategies.

2 Blind sequencing of coding + non-coding regions = Sequence Annotation.

3 Identifying all genes that are transcribed and expressed as RNA = Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs).

4 Match Option (2) All genes that are expressed as RNA.

🛡️

Why You Can 100% Trust This Shortcut: Canonical NCERT Human Genome Project genomics methodology definitions.

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Step-by-Step Rigorous Workflow & Mathematical Proof

Step 1

Two Methodological Approaches in HGP

The Human Genome Project utilized two contrasting sequencing paradigms:

\begin{aligned} \mathbf{\text{1. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs):}} & \quad \mathbf{\text{Identify all genes that are expressed as RNA (transcribed sequences)}} \\[4pt] \text{2. Sequence Annotation:} & \quad \text{Sequence the entire genome (coding + non-coding) and assign functions} \end{aligned}

Step 2

Verbatim NCERT Statement

NCERT states verbatim: "The methodologies involved two major approaches. One approach focused on identifying all the genes that are expressed as RNA (referred to as Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs))."

Step 3

Molecular Basis of ESTs

ESTs are generated by reverse-transcribing cellular messenger RNAs into complementary DNAs (cDNAs) and sequencing short fragments, completely bypassing non-coding intergenic and intronic genomic DNA.

⭐

360° Option Elimination Engine Key Feature

Diagnose every choice: Know exactly why the right option works and why distractors fail.

4-Option Deep Scan

1 1

✗ Incorrect

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

ESTs represent an unbiased, comprehensive survey of all transcribed RNAs in a tissue, not an arbitrary selection of "certain important" genes.

⚠️

Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Assuming researchers selectively pre-filter "important" genes.

2 2

✓ 100% Correct

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Matches NCERT verbatim: ESTs specifically refers to identifying all genes that are expressed as RNA.

💡

Why this is airtight: None; textbook verbatim.

3 3

✗ Incorrect

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Many transcribed RNAs (e.g., rRNAs, tRNAs, snRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that are never translated into proteins.

⚠️

Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Equating gene expression strictly with protein translation.

4 4

✗ Incorrect

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Sequencing the entire genome regardless of expression status is the Sequence Annotation approach.

⚠️

Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Confusing Sequence Annotation with ESTs.

⚠️

NTA Trap Alert: RNA vs. Protein Expression Trap

Students frequently equate "expression" with "protein synthesis". In molecular genetics, the primary step of gene expression is transcription into RNA. ESTs capture all RNA transcripts, including non-coding RNAs.

🛡️ How to avoid the -1 mark: Remember: ESTs = Expressed as RNA. Entire genome (expressed + unexpressed) = Sequence Annotation.

📖

Core NEET Syllabus Standard

NCERT Biology · Molecular Basis of Inheritance Standard Benchmark

Core Scientific Principle Tested:

"One approach focused on identifying all the genes that are expressed as RNA (referred to as Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs))."

Syllabus Focus: Human Genome Project (Methodologies)

✓ Core NEET UG Syllabus Anchor Syllabus & Academic Standards ↗

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NEET 2023 Botany Question 133 Solution

Question

The 30-Second Exam Hall Shortcut: ⚡ HGP Strategy Anchor: Expressed = RNA

Step-by-Step Rigorous Workflow & Mathematical Proof

Two Methodological Approaches in HGP

Verbatim NCERT Statement

Molecular Basis of ESTs

360° Option Elimination Engine Key Feature

NTA Trap Alert: RNA vs. Protein Expression Trap

Core NEET Syllabus Standard

Ready to attempt under real exam pressure?

🔗 Related Questions — Molecular Basis of Inheritance

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