Q.106 Botany ⭐ 360° Option Elimination Active
NEET 2025 Botany Question 106 Solution
Topic: Molecular Basis of Inheritance · Official NTA Booklet Code 45
Question
Which chromosome in the human genome has the highest number of genes?
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Verified Against NTA Final Answer Key
Option (3) : Chromosome 1
📚 Molecular Basis of Inheritance Easy
📋 Given Parameters & Problem Setup
Organism Homo sapiens (Human genome)
Target Feature Chromosome with highest gene count
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⏱️ Save ~25 seconds The 30-Second Exam Hall Shortcut: ⚡ HGP Extremes Fingerprint
Chromosome 1 is the BIGGEST with the MOST genes (2,968 genes)! Chromosome Y is the SMALLEST with FEWEST genes (231 genes)!
1 Recall the salient features of the Human Genome Project (HGP):
2 - Total genes estimated: ~30,000.
3 - Chromosome 1 has the most genes: 2,968 genes.
4 - Chromosome Y has the fewest genes: 231 genes.
5 - Average gene size: 3000 bases (largest human gene is dystrophin at 2.4 million bases).
6 Highest gene count = Chromosome 1!
7 Select Option (3) immediately!
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Why You Can 100% Trust This Shortcut: Human Genome Project Salient Findings (NCERT Biology · Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Chromosome 1 has 2968 genes, Y has 231).
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Step-by-Step Rigorous Workflow & Mathematical Proof
Step 1
Core Findings of the Human Genome Project (HGP)
The complete sequencing of the human genome revealed extraordinary insights into the genetic architecture of humans:
- • The human genome contains 3164.7 million nucleotide base pairs (3.164 Gb).
- • The total number of genes is estimated at 30,000, much lower than previous estimates of 80,000 to 140,000 genes.
- • Almost all (99.9%) nucleotide bases are exactly the same in all people.
Step 2
Distribution of Genes Across Human Chromosomes
Genes are not evenly distributed across human chromosomes:
- • Chromosome 1 (the largest human autosome) contains the highest number of genes: exactly 2,968 genes.
- • Chromosome 1 was the last chromosome to be completely sequenced (completed in May 2006).
- • Chromosome Y contains the fewest genes: only 231 genes.
Step 3
Conclusion
Chromosome 1 holds the record for harboring the highest number of annotated protein-coding genes in the human genome.
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4-Option Deep Scan
360° Option Elimination Engine Key Feature
Diagnose every choice: Know exactly why the right option works and why distractors fail.
1 A
✗ Incorrect Verdict & Scientific Reason:
Incorrect. Chromosome X contains approximately 800–900 genes, far fewer than Chromosome 1.
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Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Assuming the sex chromosome X has the most genes due to its high frequency in sex-linked inheritance questions.
2 B
✗ Incorrect Verdict & Scientific Reason:
Incorrect. Chromosome Y has the FEWEST genes in the entire human genome (only 231 genes).
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Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Confusing highest with lowest extremes.
3 C
✓ 100% Correct Verdict & Scientific Reason:
100% correct. Chromosome 1 contains 2,968 genes, the maximum among all human chromosomes.
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Why this is airtight: None; direct NCERT factual recall.
4 D
✗ Incorrect Verdict & Scientific Reason:
Incorrect. Chromosome 10 contains roughly 700–800 genes, well below Chromosome 1.
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Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Random guessing.
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NTA Trap Alert: Confusing Chromosome 1 (Most Genes) with Chromosome Y (Fewest Genes)
NCERT highlights both extremes together: Chromosome 1 has 2968 genes, while Chromosome Y has 231 genes. Always check whether the question asks for highest or lowest!
🛡️ How to avoid the -1 mark: Remember: #1 is first and biggest (2968 genes); Y is tiny and has the fewest (231 genes).
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Core NEET Syllabus Standard
NEET Biology Core Syllabus · Molecular Basis of Inheritance Standard Benchmark
Core Scientific Principle Tested:
"Chromosome 1 has the most genes (2968), and the Y chromosome has the fewest (231)."
Syllabus Focus: Human Genome Project · Salient Features
✓ Core NEET UG Syllabus Anchor Syllabus & Academic Standards ↗
Number #1 is FIRST and has the MOST (2,968 genes)!
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