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Which one of the following factors will not affect the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Five factors disrupt Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: Gene migration, Genetic drift, Mutation, Genetic recombination, and Natural selection. A CONSTANT gene pool maintains equilibrium!
This principle states that allele frequencies in a population are stable and is constant from generation to generation. The gene pool (total genes and their alleles in a population) remains a constant. This is called genetic equilibrium. Sum total of all the allelic frequencies is 1 ().
NCERT lists five factors known to affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: (i) Gene migration or gene flow (ii) Genetic drift (iii) Mutation (iv) Genetic recombination (v) Natural selection
Gene migration (1), Genetic recombination (3), and Genetic drift (4) all alter allelic frequencies and disrupt equilibrium. A constant gene pool (2) describes the maintenance of equilibrium itself, thus having no disruptive effect.
Diagnose every choice: Know exactly why the right option works and why distractors fail.
Gene migration adds or removes alleles, altering gene frequencies.
A constant gene pool represents the condition of genetic equilibrium, so it does not alter or disrupt it.
Recombination reshuffles alleles during meiotic crossing over, generating new combinations that affect equilibrium.
Genetic drift causes random fluctuations in allele frequencies in small populations, disrupting equilibrium.
Looking for a mutation or drift force without recognizing that "constant gene pool" is the steady state itself.
"This principle says that allele frequencies in a population are stable and is constant from generation to generation. The gene pool remains a constant. Five factors are known to affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: gene migration or gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, genetic recombination and natural selection."
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