Q.198 Zoology ⭐ 360° Option Elimination Active

NEET 2021 Zoology Question 198 Solution

Topic: Evolution · Official NTA Booklet Code M1

Question

Match List - I with List - II. (a) Adaptive radiation (i) Selection of resistant varieties due to excessive use of herbicides and pesticides (b) Convergent evolution (ii) Bones of forelimbs in Man and Whale (c) Divergent evolution (iii) Wings of Butterfly and Bird (d) Evolution by anthropo- genic action (iv) Darwin Finches List - I List - II Choose the correct answer from the options given below. (a) (b) (c) (d)

(1)(iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(2)(iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
(3)(ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(4)(i) (iv) (iii) (ii)

✓

Verified Against NTA Final Answer Key

Option (1) : (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

📚 Evolution Easy

📋 Given Parameters & Problem Setup

List I (Evolutionary Phenomena) (a) Adaptive radiation, (b) Convergent evolution, (c) Divergent evolution, (d) Evolution by anthropogenic action

List II (Examples) (i) Selection of resistant varieties due to excessive use of herbicides and pesticides, (ii) Bones of forelimbs in Man and Whale, (iii) Wings of Butterfly and Bird, (iv) Darwin Finches

⚡

The 30-Second Exam Hall Shortcut: ⚡ "Darwin Finches = Adaptive Radiation, Forelimbs Man/Whale = Divergent (Homology)"

⏱️ Save ~25 seconds

Darwin's finches radiate from common ancestral seed-eaters into insectivorous/vegetarian beaks (Adaptive Radiation: (a)-(iv)). Forelimbs of man and whale share common pentadactyl bone anatomy (Divergent evolution: (c)-(ii)). Wings of butterfly and bird are analogous structures (Convergent evolution: (b)-(iii)). Herbicide resistance is human-induced (Anthropogenic: (d)-(i)). Select Option (1)!

1 Match (a) Adaptive radiation -> (iv) Darwin Finches (canonical textbook example).

2 Match (b) Convergent evolution -> (iii) Wings of Butterfly and Bird (analogous structures with different origins performing same flight function).

3 Match (c) Divergent evolution -> (ii) Bones of forelimbs in Man and Whale (homologous structures with common skeletal ancestry adapting to different functions).

4 Match (d) Evolution by anthropogenic action -> (i) Selection of resistant varieties due to herbicides and pesticides.

5 Match pattern (iv), (iii), (ii), (i) -> Option (1).

🛡️

Why You Can 100% Trust This Shortcut: NCERT Biology · Evolution (Evidences for Evolution: Forelimbs of whales, bats, cheetah and humans are homologous and reflect divergent evolution; Wings of butterfly and birds are analogous and reflect convergent evolution; Darwin’s finches represent adaptive radiation; Excess use of herbicides and pesticides resulted in selection of resistant varieties by anthropogenic action).

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Step-by-Step Rigorous Workflow & Mathematical Proof

Step 1

Rigorous Mapping of Evolutionary Principles and Examples

- (a) Adaptive Radiation: The evolutionary divergence of members of a single ancestral species into a diverse array of ecologically different niches within a geographical area. Exemplified by Darwin’s Finches in the Galápagos archipelago, radiating from an ancestral South American seed-eating finch into insect-eating, cactus-feeding, and vegetarian beaks. - (b) Convergent Evolution: Unrelated evolutionary lineages independently evolve similar morphological adaptations and analogous structures in response to similar environmental pressures. Exemplified by the wings of a butterfly (insect) and bird (avian), which share the functional capacity for flight despite having totally distinct developmental origins. - (c) Divergent Evolution: Descendants from a common ancestor evolve differences in homologous structures adapted for divergent modes of life. Exemplified by the bones of forelimbs in Man and Whale (sharing humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges despite differing functions in grasping vs swimming). - (d) Evolution by Anthropogenic Action: Artificial directional natural selection driven by human industrial and agricultural activities. Exemplified by the rapid selection of resistant varieties of pests, weeds, and microbes due to excessive use of chemical herbicides, pesticides, and antibiotics.

\begin{aligned} \text{Adaptive Radiation} &\iff \text{Darwin Finches} \quad [\text{(a)} \to \text{(iv)}] \\ \text{Convergent Evolution} &\iff \text{Wings of Butterfly and Bird} \quad [\text{(b)} \to \text{(iii)}] \\ \text{Divergent Evolution} &\iff \text{Forelimbs in Man and Whale} \quad [\text{(c)} \to \text{(ii)}] \\ \text{Anthropogenic Action} &\iff \text{Pesticide-Resistant Varieties} \quad [\text{(d)} \to \text{(i)}] \end{aligned}

Step 2

Option Alignment

Matching sequence is: (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i). This corresponds unambiguously to Option (1).

⭐

360° Option Elimination Engine Key Feature

Diagnose every choice: Know exactly why the right option works and why distractors fail.

4-Option Deep Scan

1 1

✓ 100% Correct

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Correct. Perfectly matches all four evolutionary phenomena to their canonical NCERT examples.

💡

Why this is airtight: None. Candidate recognizes homology, analogy, adaptive radiation, and anthropogenic selection.

2 2

✗ Incorrect

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Incorrect. Assigns butterfly wings to adaptive radiation and man/whale forelimbs to convergent evolution.

⚠️

Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Confusing homology (divergent) with analogy (convergent).

3 3

✗ Incorrect

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Incorrect. Completely misattributes skeletal homology and adaptive radiation.

⚠️

Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Random guessing among evolutionary categories.

4 4

✗ Incorrect

Verdict & Scientific Reason:

Incorrect. Links herbicide resistance to adaptive radiation and finches to convergent evolution.

⚠️

Student Fallacy (Why candidates pick this trap): Failing to identify the role of human activity in anthropogenic evolution.

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NTA Trap Alert: Convergent vs Divergent Evolution Pairing Trap

Students frequently swap Divergent (homology: same origin, divergent functions, e.g. whale flipper & human hand) and Convergent (analogy: different origin, convergent function, e.g. butterfly wing & bird wing).

🛡️ How to avoid the -1 mark: Remember: Homology = Divergent (HD TV mnemonic); Analogy = Convergent (AC air conditioner mnemonic).

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Core NEET Syllabus Standard

NEET / NCERT Biology · Evolution Standard Benchmark

Core Scientific Principle Tested:

"Darwin’s finches represent adaptive radiation; butterfly and bird wings represent convergent evolution; vertebrate forelimbs represent divergent evolution; herbicide resistance represents anthropogenic evolution."

Syllabus Focus: Evidences for Evolution

✓ Core NEET UG Syllabus Anchor Syllabus & Academic Standards ↗

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NEET 2021 Zoology Question 198 Solution

Question

The 30-Second Exam Hall Shortcut: ⚡ "Darwin Finches = Adaptive Radiation, Forelimbs Man/Whale = Divergent (Homology)"

Step-by-Step Rigorous Workflow & Mathematical Proof

Rigorous Mapping of Evolutionary Principles and Examples

Option Alignment

360° Option Elimination Engine Key Feature

NTA Trap Alert: Convergent vs Divergent Evolution Pairing Trap

Core NEET Syllabus Standard

Ready to attempt under real exam pressure?

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