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Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis?
Diuresis is excessive loss of water in urine. Aldosterone (from adrenal cortex) stimulates active reabsorption of Na+ and water from the distal tubules, concentrating urine and preventing diuresis! Undersecretion of ADH CAUSES diuresis (diabetes insipidus); ANF promotes natriuresis. Mark Option (2) in 10 seconds.
Diuresis refers to increased production and excretion of dilute urine. Prevention of diuresis (anti-diuresis) means conserving water within the body by reabsorbing it from the nephron tubules.
Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and water from the distal parts of the tubule (DCT and collecting duct). This prevents water loss, restores blood volume and pressure, and directly prevents diuresis.
ADH (vasopressin) promotes water reabsorption from distal tubules. UNDERSECRETION of ADH leads to failure of water reabsorption, resulting in massive diuresis (Diabetes Insipidus). Thus, Option (1) is physiologically nonsensical.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) is released by the heart atria in response to high blood pressure; it causes VASODILATION (not vasoconstriction) and promotes natriuresis/diuresis (antagonizing RAAS). A decrease in renin secretion would reduce aldosterone, worsening water loss. Hence, only Option (2) prevents diuresis.
Diagnose every choice: Know exactly why the right option works and why distractors fail.
Incorrect; undersecretion of ADH causes LESS water reabsorption and severe diuresis (diabetes insipidus), not more water reabsorption.
Factually exact; aldosterone stimulates active Na+ and osmotic water reabsorption from distal convoluted tubules, concentrating urine and preventing diuresis.
Incorrect; ANF causes VASODILATION (lowering blood pressure) and promotes diuresis, not vasoconstriction.
Incorrect; decrease in renin would lower Angiotensin II and aldosterone, reducing water reabsorption and promoting diuresis.
RAAS (Renin -> Angiotensin II -> Aldosterone) = VASOCONSTRICTION + Water retention (prevents diuresis). ANF = VASODILATION + Natriuresis (promotes diuresis).
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